**E82: Chemical and Thermal Processes – Fall 2022** |[home](index.md.html)|[videos](vid.md.html)|[problem sets](ps.md.html)|[notes and code](notecode.md.html)| Information on website accessibility at HMC is found at https://www.hmc.edu/website-accessibility . # Instructor and Text - __Professor:__ Erik Spjut - __Office:__ Parsons 2384 - __Office Phone:__ x-73890 - __Cell Phone:__ At bottom of emails. Don't abuse (texting OK). - __Email:__ spjut@hmc.edu - __Office Hours:__ Tuesday 4:15 pm - 5:30 pm, Saturday 1 pm – 2:30 pm [see below](index.md.html#in-depthdiscussionofcoursecomponents/officehours) - __Text:__ [Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, 4th Ed.][book] Felder, Rousseau, Bullard. ISBN: 978-1-119-46960-5, 978-1-119-19210-7 - __Reference Text:__ [Thermodynamics, An Engineering Approach, 9th Ed.][rbk] Çengel, Boles, Kanoğlu. ISBN: 978-1259822674 # Student Learning Objectives Students will: * Demonstrate facility with unit conversions and basic engineering calculations. * Demonstrate facility with material balances and the 1st and 2nd laws. * Apply the ideal gas law to solve engineering problems. * Apply real gas equations to PVT problems and phase equilibria. * Calculate phase equilibria for ideal solutions. * Use property tables to calculate power cycles. * Use the combined 1st and 2nd laws to calculate the thermodynamic efficiency of processes. # Course Components See links for full explanation. Component | Brief Info ---------------------|------------ [Readings](#in-depthdiscussionofcoursecomponents/readings) | The assigned chapters in the text for the day. [Video Lectures](#in-depthdiscussionofcoursecomponents/videolectures) | On-line, assigned for most Tuesdays and Thursdays. Brief quiz after each one. [Class Participation](#in-depthdiscussionofcoursecomponents/classparticipation) | 6 questions/answers/comments between each exam. Lead one class discussion. [Problem Sets](#in-depthdiscussionofcoursecomponents/problemsets) | Due most Tuesdays and Thursdays. Submit to Gradescope. Lowest three dropped. _No late problem sets accepted._ [Computer Assignments](#in-depthdiscussionofcoursecomponents/computerassignments) | Eight: Five Spreadsheet and Three [PRO/II](https://sw.aveva.com/engineer-procure-construct/process-engineering-and-simulation/pro-ii-process-engineering) assignments. Lowest one dropped. _No late assignments accepted._ [Mid-term Exams](#in-depthdiscussionofcoursecomponents/mid-termexams) | Three mid-term exams with two parts each. [Final Exam](#in-depthdiscussionofcoursecomponents/finalexam) | The final exam will have two parts. [Office Hours](#in-depthdiscussionofcoursecomponents/officehours) | TBD # Grading Video Lecture Quizzes are a single answer graded as either correct or incorrect. You need to have 6 substantial comments or questions during each inter-exam period. You also need to lead one class discussion during the semester. Contact me if you suffer from stress doing presentations. Problem Sets will be graded with the following rubric: Points | Evaluation ------:|----------- 10 – 9 | Wow 8 – 7 | Good 6 – 5 | Fair 4 – 3 | Poor 2 – 1 | Ouch 0 | DND The exams and computer assignments will be graded with a traditional 100 point total scale ## Grade Weighting Component | % of Total ---------------------|----------- Video Quizzes | 4% Class Participation | 16% Problem Sets | 5% Computer Assignments | 15% Exam 1 | 12% Exam 2 | 12% Exam 3 | 12% Final Exam | 24% You must pass two thirds of the skills questions in each exam or the oral exam that may follow (as explained below) to pass the class regardless of your other scores. To alleviate your worries, no-one in the numerous classes I have taught this way has ever failed the course due to the skills questions. The three lowest Problem Sets and the lowest Computer Assignment will be dropped from your score. # Calendar Tuesday, 30 August 2022: Topics - Intro, Policies, Excel, Units, Plots Tuesday, 30 August 2022: Reading - Reading: FRB Cpt 1,2 Tuesday, 30 August 2022: Videos - Intro and Topics: [Video](https://youtu.be/jEo6tpSPcbQ), [PDF](lec/OverviewOfE82_EngTopics.pdf) - Relevant Disciplines: [Video](https://youtu.be/wL1Nlw4JM_4), [PDF](lec/OverviewOfE82_EngDisciplines.pdf) - Course Components and Policies: [Video](https://youtu.be/1QSouom2eRw), [PDF](lec/OverviewOfE82_CourseInfo.pdf) - Process Data: [Video](https://youtu.be/AcSnsrzi25U), [PDF](lec/ProcessData.pdf), [Spreadsheet](lec/PlotDemo.xlsx) - Dimensional Equations: [Video](https://youtu.be/0Prp8Rv6qjo), [PDF](lec/DImensionalEquations.pdf) [XKCD](https://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/mbmbam.png), [Contrasting Viewpoint](https://youtu.be/hid7EJkwDNk) - Converting Temperature: [Video](https://youtu.be/qu-DaXwOW2M), [PDF](lec/ConvertingTemperature.pdf) [XKCD](https://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/thermometer.png) - Equations with Dimensions: [Video](https://youtu.be/fxhfK3eGvV0), [PDF](lec/EquationsWithDimensions.pdf) - [Link to E80 Stats & Measurements Video Playlist](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDA3QBjykWVxDiGsN1Xpm2ynGekSvEC9E) Thursday, 01 September 2022: Topics - Process Variables, Measurements Thursday, 01 September 2022: Reading - Reading: FRB Cpt 3 Thursday, 01 September 2022: Videos - Dimensionless Numbers: [Video](https://youtu.be/8bqzUfV8OL8), [PDF](lec/DimensionlessNumbers.pdf) - Pressure: [Video](https://youtu.be/BKyxIMmj6X8), [PDF](lec/Pressure.pdf), [Spreadsheet](lec/PressureExamples.xlsx) - Mass, Moles, and Mass and Mole Fractions: [Video](https://youtu.be/pfsKgeqA7Is), [PDF](lec/MassMoleFraction.pdf) - Volume, Density, Flow Rates: [Video](https://youtu.be/01ajNUfFnNA), [PDF](lec/DensitiesFlowRates.pdf) - Interpolation: [Video](https://youtu.be/CPWkS3zqQYY), [PDF](lec/Interpolation.pdf), [Spreadsheet](lec/InterpExamples.xlsx) - Basic Spreadsheet Techniques: [Video](https://youtu.be/w4svrjuRUkU), [PDF](lec/BasicSpreadsheetTechniques.pdf), [Spreadsheet](lec/SimpleSpreadsheetDemo.xlsx), [Libre Office](https://www.libreoffice.org) - Data Fitting with Spreadsheets: [Video](https://youtu.be/X-168Nu-muk), [PDF](lec/DataFittingWithSpreadsheets.pdf), [Spreadsheet Template](lec/DataFittingTemplate.xlsx), [Spreadsheet Solution](lec/DataFittingSolution.xlsx) - [Link to E80 Stats & Measurements Video Playlist](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDA3QBjykWVxDiGsN1Xpm2ynGekSvEC9E) Thursday, 01 September 2022: Problem Set 1 - PS 1: [FRB 2.7, 2.16, 2.17, 2.30, 2.28a,b, Supp HW #1, FRB 3.1](PS/PS1.pdf) Thursday, 01 September 2022: Comp. Assign. 1 - CA 1: [FRB 2.52](CA/TemplateP2.52.xlsx), [PDF](CA/CA1.pdf) Tuesday, 06 September 2022: Topics - General Balance Equation, Closed & Open Systems Tuesday, 06 September 2022: Reading - Reading: FRB Sec 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7 Tuesday, 06 September 2022: Videos - General Balance Equation: [Video](https://youtu.be/Tp9P29KKw-k), [PDF](lec/GeneralBalanceEquation.pdf) - Unit Operations: Mixer, Divider, Separator: [Video](https://youtu.be/1xEG-Yzxzz0), [PDF](lec/UnitOpsMDS.pdf) - Unit Operations: Reactor: [Video](https://youtu.be/psv4sqNZWNM), [PDF](lec/UnitOpsReactor.pdf) - Recycle & Bypass: [Video](https://youtu.be/TyGf9Wwztp0), [PDF](lec/RecycleAndBypass.pdf), [Spreadsheet](lec/RecycleExamples.xlsx) - Recycle Symbolic Solution: [Video](https://youtu.be/X0z31SJYgVk), [PDF](lec/RecycleSymbOnly.pdf), [Spreadsheet](lec/SymbolicRecycleExample.xlsx) Tuesday, 06 September 2022: Problem Set 2 - PS 2: [FRB 3.56, 3.64, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.12](PS/PS2.pdf) Thursday, 08 September 2022: Topics - Mixer, Divider, Separator, Reactor Thursday, 08 September 2022: Reading - Reading: FRB Sec 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7 Thursday, 08 September 2022: **No Videos Scheduled** - No videos are currently scheduled for 9 September 2022. Thursday, 08 September 2022: **No PS** - PS: No Additional Problem Set, just Computer Assignment Thursday, 08 September 2022: Comp. Assign. 2 - CA 2: [FRB 4.51](CA/TemplateP4.51.xlsx), [PDF](CA/CA2.pdf) Tuesday, 13 September 2022: Topics - Recycle, Reaction Equilibrium Tuesday, 13 September 2022: Reading - Reading: FRB Sec 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8 Tuesday, 13 September 2022: Videos - Equilibrium Reactors: [Video](https://youtu.be/URs7o6JbXuk), [PDF](lec/EquilibriumReactors.pdf), [Spreadsheet](lec/EquilibriumReactionExample.xlsx) Tuesday, 13 September 2022: Problem Set 3 - PS 3: [FRB 4.42, 4.43, 4.65, 4.78](PS/PS3.pdf) Thursday, 15 September 2022: Topics - Combustion Reactions, Review Thursday, 15 September 2022: Reading - Reading: FRB Sec 4.8 Thursday, 15 September 2022: Videos - Combustion Reactions: [Video](https://youtu.be/pRsxgaoci24), [PDF](lec/CombustionReactions.pdf), [Spreadsheet](lec/CombustionExample.xlsx) Thursday, 15 September 2022: Problem Set 4 - PS 4: [FRB 4.100 a, 4.66 a,b,c](PS/PS4.pdf) - PS 4 Solution: [FRB](PS/E82_F2022_PS_4_Solution.pdf), [Spjut](PS/E82_F2022_PS_4_Solution_Spjut.pdf), [Spreadsheet](PS/PS4Solution.xlsx) Thursday, 15 September 2022: Comp. Assign. 3 - CA 3: [Supp HW #7](CA/TemplateSupp7.xlsx), [PDF](CA/CA3.pdf) Tuesday, 20 September 2022: **Exam 1** - First Mid-Term on Gradescope - Exam covers: FRB Cpt 1–4 - [Exam 1 Review](exams/Exam1Review.pdf) - [Cover Sheet](exams/E82_Fall_2022_1st_Exam_Cover_Sheet.pdf) - [Skills Question List](exams/E82_Fall_2022_1st_Exam_Skills_List.pdf) - This time only [Spjut's Prep Sheet for Skills Questions](exams/E82_Fall_2022_1st_Exam_Skills_List_Spjut_Solution.pdf) - [Histogram of Exam 1](exams/E82_Fall_2022_Exam_1_Histogram.pdf) - [PDF of Solution for Exam 1](exams/E82_Fall_2022_Exam_1_Solution.pdf) - [Spreadsheet of Solution for Exam 1](exams/E82_F22_Exam1Soln.xlsx) Thursday, 22 September 2022: Topics - Liquid & Solid Densities Thursday, 22 September 2022: Reading - Reading: FRB Sec 5.1 Thursday, 22 September 2022: Problem Set 5 - PS 5: [FRB 5.30](PS/PS5.pdf) - Note: The [Ideal Gases video](https://youtu.be/BsOVsNhZXiU) may be helpful. Tuesday, 27 September 2022: Topics - Ideal Gas/Real Gas Tuesday, 27 September 2022: Reading - Reading: FRB Sec 5.2 – 5.4 Tuesday, 27 September 2022: Videos - Liquid and Solid Densities: [Video](https://youtu.be/PKVHYTB5H8g), [PDF](lec/LiquidAndSolidDensities.pdf) - Ideal Gases: [Video](https://youtu.be/BsOVsNhZXiU), [PDF](lec/IdealGases.pdf) - Real Gases: [Video](https://youtu.be/si4hqePFiEc), [PDF](lec/RealGases.pdf), [Spreadsheet](lec/RealGasExample.xlsx) - Mixtures of Real Gases: [Video](https://youtu.be/fPCyHLVySOo), [PDF](lec/MixturesOfRealGases.pdf), [Spreadsheet](lec/MixRealGasExample.xlsx), [Paper on PR](notes/Peng-RobinsonParameters.pdf) Tuesday, 27 September 2022: Problem Set 6 - PS 6: [FRB 5.35, 5.82, 5.101, Supp. HW#23, #26](PS/PS6.pdf) Thursday, 29 September 2022: Topics - Single Component Phase Equilibrium, Phase Diagrams Thursday, 29 September 2022: Reading - Reading: FRB Sec 6.0 – 6.4 Thursday, 29 September 2022: Videos - Solving Nonlinear Equations with a Spreadsheet: [Video](https://youtu.be/fCNcfZePbIM), [PDF](lec/SolvingNonlinearEQsWithSpreadsheets.pdf), [Spreadsheet](lec/NonlinearRootDemoForPosting.xlsx) - Introduction to Multiphase Systems: [Video](https://youtu.be/7aPTbqEclWQ), [PDF](lec/IntroToMultiphaseSystems.pdf) - Bubble Point, Dew Point, and Flash Calculations [Video](https://youtu.be/jGbbqStekM0), [PDF](lec/BubbleDewFlash.pdf) - Single- and One-Condensable-Component Systems [Video](https://youtu.be/kXsxVVjFvws), [PDF](lec/SingleComponentSystems.pdf), [Spreadsheet](lec/SingleComponentExamples.xlsx) - Multicomponent Systems [Video](https://youtu.be/6f3CEOP38AU), [PDF](lec/MulticomponentSystems.pdf), [Spreadsheet](lec/RaoultsPxyTxyExample.xlsx) Thursday, 29 September 2022: Problem Set 7 - PS 7: [FRB 6.63, 6.65, Supp. HW#24, #30](PS/PS7.pdf) Thursday, 29 September 2022: Comp. Assign. 4 - CA 4: [Real Gas Wks.](CA/TemplateRealGasWorksheet.xlsx), [PDF](CA/CA4.pdf) Tuesday, 04 October 2022: Topics - Vapor/Liquid Separations, Liquid/Liquid Separations Tuesday, 04 October 2022: Reading - Reading: FRB Sec 6.5 – 6.6 Tuesday, 04 October 2022: Videos - Equilibrium Separation Stages: [Video](https://youtu.be/lStTKEow3sg), [PDF](lec/EquilibriumSeparationStages.pdf), [Spreadsheet](lec/SeparationStagesExamples.xlsx) Tuesday, 04 October 2022: Problem Set 8 - PS 8: [FRB 6.66 (change part c to 0.1%), 6.105, Supp. HW#39, #40](PS/PS8.pdf) Thursday, 06 October 2022: Topics - 1st Law, Energy Balances Thursday, 06 October 2022: Reading - Reading: FRB Sec 7.1 – 7.4 Thursday, 06 October 2022: Videos - An Introduction to The First Law of Thermodynamics [Video](https://youtu.be/WkH39iAMOOg), [PDF](lec/IntroToFirstLaw.pdf) Thursday, 06 October 2022: Problem Set 9 - PS 9: [FRB 7.4, 7.7, 7.10, 7.20, 7.25](PS/PS9.pdf) Thursday, 06 October 2022: Comp. Assign. 5 - CA 5: [PRO/II Phase Diagrams](CA/CA5.pdf) - [Installing and Running PRO/II](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YFlPF2yLiW4Z7xcqYt3P32D2Ec966a0kHGxXH-C2xlw/edit?usp=sharing) - Using PRO/II to Create Binary Phase Diagrams [Video](https://youtu.be/6fHheQuE2Wk), [PDF](notes/PROIIStartupDoCA5.pdf) Tuesday, 11 October 2022: Topics - Bernoulli, Mechanical Energy Balance, Friction Factor Tuesday, 11 October 2022: Reading - Reading: FRB Sec 7.5 – 7.7, [Moody Diagram from Wikimedia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Moody_diagram.jpg) Tuesday, 11 October 2022: Videos - The Mechanical Energy Balance [Video](https://youtu.be/JDoLHZdbJNI), [PDF](lec/MechanicalEnergyBalance.pdf) - Using Thermodynamic Property Tables [Video](https://youtu.be/KrdZMwE_238), [PDF](lec/ThermodynamicTables.pdf), [Table B.5](notes/B5.xlsx), [Table B.6](notes/B6.xlsx), [Table B.7](notes/B7.xlsx) Tuesday, 11 October 2022: Problem Set 10 - PS 10: [FRB 7.34, 7.36, Supp. HW#51, #56](PS/PS10.pdf) Thursday, 13 October 2022: **Exam 2** - Second Mid-Term - Exam covers: FRB Cpt 1–7 - [Exam 2 Review](exams/Exam2Review.pdf) - [Skills Question List](exams/E82_Fall_2022_2nd_Exam_Skills_List.pdf) - [Cover Sheet](exams/E82_Fall_2022_2nd_Exam_Cover_Sheet.pdf) - [PDF of Solution for Exam 2](exams/E82_Fall2022_Exam_2_Solution.pdf) - [Spreadsheet of Solution for Exam 2](exams/Exam2Soln.xlsx) - [Generalized Compressibility Charts](notes/GenCompCharts.pdf) - [Histogram of Exam 2](exams/E82_Fall_2022_Exam_2_Histogram.pdf) Tuesday, 18 October 2022: **Fall Break** Thursday, 20 October 2022: Topics - Reference States, Heat Capacities, Latent Heats Thursday, 20 October 2022: Reading - Reading: FRB Sec 8.1 – 8.3 Thursday, 20 October 2022: Videos - ∆U and ∆H as Functions of Temperature and Pressure [Video](https://youtu.be/6qpFuS_3CrY), [PDF](lec/FirstLawHeatCapacities.pdf), [Spreadsheet](lec/HeacCapacityDemo.xlsx) Thursday, 20 October 2022: Problem Set 11 - PS 11: [FRB 8.3](PS/PS11.pdf) Tuesday, 25 October 2022: Topics - Psychrometric Charts, Heats of Mixing and Solution Tuesday, 25 October 2022: Reading - Reading: FRB Sec 8.4 – 8.5 Tuesday, 25 October 2022: Videos - Estimating Heat Capacities and Latent Heats [Video](https://youtu.be/BKp0fCT50QY), [PDF](lec/EstimatingCpAndDHV.pdf) - The Psychrometric Charts [Video](https://youtu.be/RZZQsjS94Oo), [PDF](lec/PsychrometricCharts.pdf) Tuesday, 25 October 2022: Problem Set 12 - PS 12: [FRB 8.81, 8.94, Supp. HW#61, #64, #66](PS/PS12.pdf), [Template for FRB 8.81](PS/FRB8_81Template.xlsx) Thursday, 27 October 2022: Topics - Estimating Formulas Thursday, 27 October 2022: Reading - Reading: FRB Sec 8.4 – 8.5 Thursday, 27 October 2022: Videos - Reference States, ∆Hs, ∆Hm [Video](https://youtu.be/wkUahTL-C0k), [PDF](lec/FirstLawLeftovers.pdf) - The First Law of Thermodynamics for Ideal Gases [Video](https://youtu.be/lj9zNKs0UOQ), [PDF](lec/FirstLawIdealGases.pdf) Thursday, 27 October 2022: Problem Set 13 - PS 13: [FRB 8.51, 8.53, 8.100, 8.104](PS/PS13.pdf) Tuesday, 01 November 2022: Topics - Heats of Reaction Tuesday, 01 November 2022: Videos - Heats of Reaction, Formation, Combustion [Video](https://youtu.be/-QtmGMyPpFs), [PDF](lec/HeatsOfReactionFormationCombustion.pdf) - The First Law for Reacting Systems [Video](https://youtu.be/z0KlzS8yR2A), [PDF](lec/FirstLawReactingSystems.pdf) Tuesday, 01 November 2022: Problem Set 14 - PS 14: [FRB 9.5, 9.8, 9.24, Supp. HW#71](PS/PS14.pdf) Tuesday, 01 November 2022: Comp. Assign. 6 - CA 6: [FRB 8.79 b](CA/TemplateP8.79.xlsx), [PDF](CA/CA6.pdf), [Overview & Hints](CA/CA6_Overview.pdf) Thursday, 03 November 2022: Topics - Heats of Combustion Thursday, 03 November 2022: Reading - Reading: FRB Sec 9.6 Thursday, 03 November 2022: Videos - Fuels and Heating [Video](https://youtu.be/nEvfOGmP2SI), [PDF](lec/FuelsAndHeating.pdf) - Energetics of Reactions Example [Video](https://youtu.be/PAnrL1KUJvE), [PDF](lec/EnergeticsOfReactionsExample.pdf), [Spreadsheet](lec/ReactionEnergeticsExample.xlsx) Thursday, 03 November 2022: Problem Set 15 - PS 15: [FRB 9.32, 9.67, Supp. HW#75](PS/PS15.pdf) Tuesday, 08 November 2022: **Exam 3** - Third Mid-Term - Exam covers: FRB Cpt 1–9 - [Exam 3 Review](exams/Exam3Review.pdf) - [Skills Question List](exams/E82_Fall_2022_3rd_Exam_Skills_List.pdf) - [Cover Sheet](exams/E82_Fall_2022_3rd_Exam_Cover_Sheet.pdf) - [Histogram of Exam 3](exams/E82_Fall_2022_Exam_3_Histogram.pdf) - [PDF of Solution for Exam 3](exams/E82_Fall_2022_Exam_3_solution.pdf) - [Spreadsheet of Solution for Exam 3](exams/Exam3Solution.xlsx) Thursday, 10 November 2022: Topics - Second Law Thursday, 10 November 2022: Reading - Reading: ÇBK 6-1 – 6-4, 7-1, 7-2, 7-9 Thursday, 10 November 2022: Videos - An Introduction to the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics [Video](https://youtu.be/8qv3xv4FT58), [PDF](lec/IntroTo2ndLawAndEntropy.pdf) - Calculating Changes in Entropy [Video](https://youtu.be/PYUKd86AMpw), [PDF](lec/CalculationOfEntropy.pdf) Thursday, 10 November 2022: Problem Set 16 - PS 16: [Supp. HW#80, #82](PS/PS16.pdf) Tuesday, 15 November 2022: Topics - Second Law Tuesday, 15 November 2022: Reading - Reading: ÇBK 7-8, 7-12, 7-13 Tuesday, 15 November 2022: Videos - The Carnot Cycle [Video](https://youtu.be/5HUyapY4eqs), [PDF](lec/TheCarnotCycle.pdf) - The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics for Different Systems [Video](https://youtu.be/LlFF5R9NB20), [PDF](lec/2ndLawForDifferentSystems.pdf) Tuesday, 15 November 2022: Problem Set 17 - PS 17: [Supp. HW#81, #83, #84](PS/PS17.pdf) Thursday, 17 November 2022: Topics - Thermodynamic Cycles Thursday, 17 November 2022: Reading - Reading: ÇBK 6-7 – 6-10, 7-11, 7-12, 9-2, 9-6, 10-1, 10-2 Thursday, 17 November 2022: Videos - Turbines, Compressors, Pumps, Nozzles, and Valves [Video](https://youtu.be/EbZWs3-_gMs), [PDF](lec/TurbinesCompressorsPumpsNozzles.pdf) - The Rankine Cycle [Video](https://youtu.be/nrGYEu2bIk8), [PDF](lec/TheRankineCycle.pdf) - Introduction to Air Standard Power Cycles [Video](https://youtu.be/teDn3dB4NB0), [PDF](lec/AirStandardCycles.pdf) Thursday, 17 November 2022: Problem Set 18 - PS 18: [Supp. HW#94, #97, #98](PS/PS18.pdf) Tuesday, 22 November 2022: Topics - Thermodynamic Cycles Tuesday, 22 November 2022: Reading - Reading: ÇBK 7-11, 7-12, 9-5, 9-7, 9-8, 9-11 Tuesday, 22 November 2022: Videos - [Modeling The Rankine Cycle in PRO/II](https://youtu.be/_xNYCoaKHqU) Tuesday, 22 November 2022: Problem Set 19 - PS 19: [Supp. HW#102, #107, #110, #115](PS/PS19.pdf) Tuesday, 22 November 2022: Comp. Assign. 7 - CA 7: [PRO/II Rankine](CA/CA7.pdf) Tuesday, 29 November 2022: Topics - 2nd Law Analysis Tuesday, 29 November 2022: Reading - Reading: ÇBK Cpt 8 Tuesday, 29 November 2022: Video - Ideal Work, Lost Work and Thermodynamic Efficiency [Video](https://youtu.be/dqal8e03_JU), [PDF](lec/LostWorkThermodynamicEfficiency.pdf) Tuesday, 29 November 2022: Problem Set 20 - PS 20: [C&B 8–15, 8–16, 8–23E, 8–62](PS/PS20.pdf) Thursday, 01 December 2022: Topics - 2nd Law Analysis Thursday, 01 December 2022: Reading - Reading: ÇBK Cpt 11 Thursday, 01 December 2022: Videos - Refrigeration and the Vapor Compression Cycle [Video](https://youtu.be/Fi0QWbZbbI4), [PDF](lec/RefrigerationVaporCompressionCycle.pdf) - [Modeling The Vapor Compression Cycle in PRO/II](https://youtu.be/R1ZDkP7yAJI) Thursday, 01 December 2022: Problem Set 21 - PS 21: [PDF](PS/PS21.pdf), [Spreadsheet Template](PS/PS21Template.xlsx) Thursday, 01 December 2022: Comp. Assign. 8 - CA 8: [PRO/II Refrigeration](CA/CA8.pdf) Tuesday, 06 December 2022: Topics - Stirling Cycle - Semester Review Tuesday, 06 December 2022: Reading - Reading: FRB Cpt 1-9, ÇBK Cpt 7-9, 11 Tuesday, 06 December 2022: Videos - [Open University Carnot Cycle](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZRUlYHHBYXOhNODSsL_kGqlUWrv-xqD_/view?usp=sharing) - [Open University Stirling Cycle](https://drive.google.com/file/d/14-v9RPCiYnYTZbFfkehpneMOsknTm6OW/view?usp=sharing) Tuesday, 06 December 2022: **Final Exam Available** - The Final Exam is available after 4 pm Tuesday, 06 December 2022: **No PS** - No Problem Set Thursday, 08 December 2022: **No Class** - Office Hours for Exam Review Thursday, 08 December 2022: **No PS** - No Problem Set Wednesday, 14 December 2022: **Final Exam Due** - Final Exam due by 11:50 pm - Exam covers: FRB Cpt 1–9, 2nd Law - [Final Exam Review](exams/ReviewForFinalExam.pdf) - [Skills Question List](exams/E82_Fall_2022_Final_Exam_Skills_List.pdf) - [Final Exam Cover Sheet](exams/E82_Fall_2022_Final_Exam_Cover_Sheet.pdf) - [Heat Capacity Table from FRB](exams/HeatCapacityTableFromFRB.pdf) # Assorted Links and Documents - [How to Succeed in E82](notes/E82_Fall_2022_How_to_Succeed_in_E82.pdf) # Overview of E82 ## Engineering Principles Discussed in E82 * Engineering Basics * Process Data and Variables, such as Pressure, Temperature, Mass, Moles, etc. * Converting among systems of units * Dimensionless numbers * System Definition * Open or Closed * Transient or Steady State * Material Balances * Mass Balances * Mole Balances * Equations of State and Phase Equilibria * Energy Balances or the 1st Law of Thermodynamics * Entropy Balances or the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics * Thermodynamic Efficiency and the Combined 1st and 2nd Laws ## Why E82? The principles in E82 are applicable in * [Chemical Engineering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_engineering) * [Petroleum Engineering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_engineering) * [Mechanical Engineering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_engineering) * [Materials Engineering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science) * [Bioengineering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_engineering) * [Environmental Engineering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_engineering) * [Energy Engineering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_engineering) * [Sustainability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability) * [Manufacturing Engineering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing_engineering) * [Industrial Engineering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_engineering) * [Marine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_engineering) and [Aerospace Engineering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospace_engineering) # In-Depth Discussion of Course Components ## Readings FRB is not a bad text but does have some serious issues/errors. It also covers only through the 1st Law of Thermodynamics, and has nothing on the 2nd Law. The sign convention for work in this edition of FRB (which differs from all previous editions) is that work _into_ a system is positive and work _out of_ a system is negative. You can learn most, but not all, you need to know for the class throught the 1st Law from the text. If you prefer reading to watching the video lectures, you can do so. Just be sure to take the video lecture quizzes. I have listed the chapters covered in the calendar. CBK is also not a bad text, but it does have different nomenclature and assumptions than FRB. The sign convention for work in CBK is to choose the sign for work that seems to make the most sense on a problem-by-problem basis. The most common choice is that work _into_ a system is negatve and work _out of_ a system is positive. I have included in the videos and course website all of the needed information from CBK, but some students feel much safer having a text to refer to. Again, I have listed the chapters covered in the calendar. ## Video Lectures I have produced a set of [short video lectures](vid.md.html) explaining the components of the course. You are expected (but not required) to have watched them by the dates given on the calendar below. Each one is followed by a brief 5-minute single-answer timed quiz on Gradescope that is due before class on the day given for the video on the calendar. The points weighting for the quizzes was designed to be sufficient to make it worth your while, but low enough to not stress about if you miss an answer or neglect to take a quiz. [Video Lecture Playlist](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1lnrwjgo31gb1NFBQy03i7ZXaccVD4xk) ## Class Participation In most technical classes, the focus of most students is on techniques to solve the problems. For practicing engineers, the focus is _not_ on problem solution techniques, but on _what_ the problem is, _why_ you are solving the problem, _what_ does the solution mean, and _how_ do you apply the solution. One of the main purposes of this class is to get you to practice engineering practice. The majority of time in class will be spent in class discussion of the _what_, the _why_, and the _how_. To encourage participation in the discussions, 16% of your grade (more than the problem sets, or the computer assignments, or the mid-term exams) will be based on your participation. Each of you is expected to make or ask at least 6 comments or questions during the period between each exam. The comments and/or questions must be substantive, not trivial. If you make at least 6 comments, you will get your 3.75 Class Discussion points for that inter-exam period. Fewer than 6 and you will get no points toward that inter-exam period. You may ask solution technique questions, but the focus should be on the _what_, _why_, and _how_ questions. To help you along, here are some guidelines: First, before a computer assignment or problem set is due, you _may_ ask questions and/or give answers on strategies for solving and applying the problem set and/or computer assignment: - What are your assumptions? - What system(s) do you choose and why? - Open or closed? - Transient or steady-state? - Differential or integral? - What are your conservation laws? - What are your constitutive equations? - Are there any special techniques needed to solve the problem? Second, after the problem set and/or computer assignment has been submitted, and the solutions posted, you should ask questions, answers, and/or comments in the following areas. - Why did Prof. Spjut assign this problem? What were we expected to learn? - What if scenarios: What happens if you change the parameters in the problem? Are there things you can optimize? - When and how would you apply the techniques in this problem if you were an Electrical or Computer Engineer? How about a Mechanical Engineer? Materials Engineer? Bioengineer? Civil Engineer? Chemical Engineer? - Can you use the techniques or results in Environmental Engineering or Sustainability? If so, how? Please try to change your mindset and think of the assignments as the readings in an HSA course. They are to prep you for this discussion. To qualify as one of your six, the question/answer/comment must be relevant (meaning it actually relates to the PS or CA under discussion) and non-trivial (no asking, "Did you like the font on this problem?"). Answers and comments don't need to be technically correct. I will correct technical errors if no-one else in the class seems likely to do so. ### Leading the Class Discusssion Sign up for your class period [here](https://bit.ly/3Qj9zHL). Each regular class day will have two discussion leaders: One to discuss the problem set and/or the computer assignment due that day, and the other to discuss the videos due that day and discuss strategies for solving the problem set and/or the computer assignment due the next period. Each of you will have one class period where you are assigned to be one of the discussion leaders and you will be [rubric assessed](https://forms.gle/xFCUJEV1no17L1TB9) by your peers as to how you did in leading the discussion. The rubric is [here](https://forms.gle/xFCUJEV1no17L1TB9). The assessment is purely for your use, and does _not_ affect your grade. Sign up for your class period [here](https://bit.ly/3Qj9zHL). Leading the class discussion is worth 1 of your 16 Class Discussion points. Here are some suggestions: * It never hurts to discuss with Prof. Spjut your outline and plan for what you want to see discussed during your session. * If you want early access to the solutions for the problems due that day and/or the problems due the next class period, contact Prof. Spjut * Please try to get as many members of the class as possible to participate, and keep rough track so that the less-frequent contributors are permitted to speak. * Prof. Spjut will have his computer set up on the main screen so that you can get easy access to the problem statements and solutions, and pull up items from the web as desired. * You will roughly 1/2 of the class period to lead the discussion. You are free to lead your part of the discussion as you see fit. Here is a potential outline to use: 1. When you lead the discussion on the problem sets and/or the computer assignments due that day, if necessary, spend some time on solution technique and related. However, the majority of the discussion should be on the _what_, _why_, and _how_ questions. 2. When discussing the videos for the day, start with what confused you or what you found most confusing. Then see if there questions or comments. 3. Lead the discussion on the problem sets due for next time. Focus on the problem set-up and the solution strategies. See the list of questions above. ## Problem Sets There is a mindset among students at Mudd that the **ONLY** way to learn the course material is to plow through every last part of every last homework problem or assignment. It **is** true that that is **a** method to learn _much_ of the material, but it is by no means the **only** way. If you try that technique in E82, you will find you are putting in _way_ too much time. I _strongly_ recommend the following technique on the problem sets. 1. Set aside a fixed amount of time to work on the problem set and _don't exceed that time_. 2. Set up all of the problems. 3. Attempt to solve. As _soon_ as you get stuck on one problem, go to the next. 4. Get help from the TBP tutors, the professor, or fellow students on the problems where you are stuck. 5. Once the solutions are posted, review the solution technique for each problem and make notes of how and why you got stuck and how to get around it. For a given problem: 1. Set up the problem. * Write out the knowns and the unknowns. * If appropriate, sketch and label a Process Flow Diagram (PFD). * Write down a solution strategy. * For material-balance-and-beyond problems, define and categorize your system(s). * Is there a sample spreadsheet that is similar to this problem? If so, find it. 2. If you have time left after you have set up the problems and outlined solution strategies, Attempt to solve the problem. * Spreadsheets will make solving the problem and formatting the solution much easier for most problems. * Iterate back and forth between your written solution and your spreadsheet. * If you get stuck, don't spend more than a few minutes trying to solve the issue. Annotate why you are stuck and move on to the next problem. Knowing when to get help is a superpower every bit as powerful as knowing how to solve a problem. 3. Get help from the TBP tutors, the professor, or fellow students where you are stuck. Depending on the time, email, texts, Discord servers, TBP hours, office hours, or asking in class may help. 4. Once they're posted, review the solutions. Prof. Spjut often has recommended solution techniques that are more systematic and more representative of current practice than your solution technique, even if you did get the correct answer. There is a problem set due in the evening after almost _every_ class period. All problem sets are due by 11:50 pm on the assigned day. I strongly recommend that you get in the habit of using a spreadsheet or other math tool (e.g., MATLAB, Mathematica, NumPy, etc.) for doing your calculations. Calculators are great, but the scale of problems in E82 is such that a math tool will make your life much easier. I have assigned them enough points to make them worth your while to attempt and usually finish, but few enough points that you won't spend hours trying to complete them. To be explicit, there are 21 problem sets with an average of 4 problems each. That is roughly 84 problems. The problem sets are worth a total of 5% of your grade, so any given problem is worth 0.06% of your grade. That is 1/2 of a sign error on an exam (1/100 $\times$ 12% = 0.12%). Except for obviously long problems, if it's taking longer than 1/2 hour to basically solve the problem, go get help. Don't waste your precious time. _I do not accept late problem sets_. If you run into a situation where you need extra time, you're almost always better off taking the 0, and devoting your time to other pressing issues. I drop the bottom three homework scores, so you can use those for your migraine, hangover, stress in other classes, dealing with a suicidal friend, or whatever (Yes, I have had students approach me about all of these). If the fates conspire against you and you find yourself needing more than the three dropped scores, please talk with me. We may be able to work something out. I expect students to take responsibility for their own actions, but none of us can anticipate everything. You will be submitting the assignments on Gradescope. If you have your own printer and/or scanner, feel free to use them. If not, write your solutions using your tablet and pen/pencil, LaTeX, print-to-PDF, etc. Let me know if you are having issues getting a legible file/scan into Gradescope. ## Computer Assignments I often ask alumni what it is that they learned from me that has proved most valuable. Quite often the answer is "doing engineering on spreadsheets." I feel strongly enough about this issue, that I have assigned five spreadsheet-based problems. You can use Microsoft Excel or [Libre Office](https://www.libreoffice.org)(open source) but _not_ Google Sheets because Google Sheets does not have _Goal Seek_ or _Solver_ (not _strictly_ true, but true enough) and both are necessary for many of the things I expect you to learn how to do with spreadsheets. Each assignment has a template (not an Excel Template, but a version of the normal spreadsheet with most of the answers removed) that has been pre-formatted in the form I expect you to use, with detailed instructions. You will be graded, not just on getting the correct answers, but on you spreadsheet technique, using absolute and relative references correctly, proper use of copy-and-paste and drag to fill, and generally minimizing the work required to fill in the spreadsheet and get the correct answer. You will be submitting your finished .xlsx or LibreOffice file to Gradescope. **ALL you will be submitting is your .xlsx or LibreOffice file to Gradescope.** You will **not** be submitting additional written explanation. When doing your regular problem sets, feel free to use the techniques taught in the Excel assignments. However, do not try to copy the detailed formatting I do. I have produced a number of spreadsheets for consulting clients, and I make them look very professional. Do the same for your consulting clients, but not for your regular problem sets. You have better uses for your time. There are three computer assignments using [PRO/II](https://sw.aveva.com/engineer-procure-construct/process-engineering-and-simulation/pro-ii-process-engineering) a process flowsheet simulator. It, or a competing product, is what almost all professional Chemical Engineers use once they get past the spreadsheet-model stage. Buying your own copy will set you back at least $5000. I strongly disapprove of software piracy, no matter how easy it is. PRO/II is available to install on your own Windows 10-or-higher computer (you'll need to access the license server through the college VPN) or on the ECF computers. If you really object to using PRO/II in a legal manner, you are free to use [DWSIM](http://dwsim.inforside.com.br/wiki/index.php?title=DWSIM). At this point, I am offering **no** support for DWSIM, but you may use it for your PRO/II assignments. If I have time this year I will move the assignments to DWSIM. You will be submitting PDFs of your final results to Gradescope. I drop the lowest Computer Assignment score. ## Mid-Term Exams Three mid-term examinations will be given. They will be open-book and open-note. The exams will consist of two sections: A set of three short single-topic questions (_skills questions_), and several deeper questions. You are required to complete the skills questions within one hour. A list of the skills questions is available on the website. The purpose of the short-question section is to test for a minimal competency in chemical and thermal processes. You can prepare completely for the skills questions ahead of the exam. You must get two of the three skills questions essentially correct. If you do not, you will have one week to take an oral exam on the skills questions. I am willing to spend as much time as you like to help you review the skills before the oral exam. During the oral exam you must get all three of the revised questions correct. If you do not, you fail the class (no one has ever failed the class by failing an oral exam although JL gave it his best shot). The second section of the exam is a more-traditional exam. These deeper questions are designed to test for the ability to integrate and synthesize several basic skills in the solution of an engineering problem. Exam problems from previous years are included in the problem sets. You have up to 23 hours to complete the rest of the exam. Each exam will be available after class the class period before the exam, and must be completed before the class period after the exam. In other words, you have the week surrounding the scheduled exam day to take it, but you must complete the skills questions within one hour of the time you start the exam and the remainder of the exam within 24 hours after you start the exam. ## Final Exam The final exam will be available beginning after the last class session and is due by the end of the final exam period for the course. The exam will be cumulative, but with roughly half of the questions focused on topics covered after the third exam. It will be open-book and open-note. The exam will consist of two sections: A set of six short single-topic questions (_skills questions_), and several deeper questions. You are required to complete the skills questions within two hours. A list of the skills questions is available on the website. You can prepare completely for the skills questions ahead of the exam. You must get four of the six skills questions essentially correct to pass the class. The second section of the exam is a more-traditional exam. These deeper questions are designed to test for the ability to integrate and synthesize several basic skills in the solution of an engineering problem. Exam problems from previous years are included in the homework. You have up to 22 hours to complete the rest of the exam. You have from the end of the last class period until the end of the scheduled final exam period to take the exam, but you must complete the skills questions within two hours of the time you start the exam and the remainder of the exam within 24 hours after you start the exam. ## Office Hours For Fall 2022 the office hours are: Day | Time | Format ----------|-------------------|------- Tuesday | 4:15 pm – 5:30 pm | In person in Shan 1480 (our classroom) Saturday | 1 pm – 2:30 pm | Zoom only The Zoom link was sent in an email. I am also willing to make appointments to go over problems or issues with the class on an ad hoc basis. Email is preferred for scheduling, but texting is allowed in emergencies. Please don't expect any answers between 9 pm and 5 am, or on Sundays. ## Accommodations HMC is committed to providing an inclusive learning environment and support for all students. Students with a disability (including mental health, chronic or temporary medical conditions) who may need accommodations in order to fully participate in this class are encouraged to contact the Office of Accessible Education at access@g.hmc.edu to request accommodations. Students from the other Claremont Colleges should contact their home college's Accessible Education officer. [book]: https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Elementary+Principles+of+Chemical+Processes%2C+4th+Edition-p-9781119192107 [rbk]: https://www.mheducation.com/highered/product/thermodynamics-engineering-approach-cengel-boles/M9781259822674.html